The Operation Of The Smart System Construction Essay

The Operation Of The Smart System Construction Essay Kuala Lumpur is the capital of Malaysia and turns into a notable global city with countless tall structures. Klang River flooded its bank and overwhelmed the city which between Tun Perak Bridge and Dang Wangi Bridge on 26 April 2001. Other than that, Kuala Lumpur has an extremely thick populace and the vast majority of the inhabitants are driving their own vehicle to works. This considerably brings a genuine blockage particularly during working hours. Government has chosen to detail the Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel (SMART) task to alleviate the floods and simplicity of traffic blockage which is helped out through a joint endeavor agreement between MMC Corp Berhad and Gamuda Berhad with the Department of Irrigation And Drainage Malaysia and the Malaysian Highway Authority. Each uber extends on the planet will experience long process during the structure stages so as to create a best and novel item. Savvy venture likewise confronted a similar circumstance and it has its own uniqueness whereby it joins the wet and dry passage in a basic component. The SMART Project is an imaginative arrangement that it fills a double need of mitigates the floods and simplicity of traffic blockage at Kuala Lumpur. By and large, the SMART passage comprise of a detour burrow built from underground from the upstream of Kang River towards Taman Desa which is about 9.7km long. Other than that, there will be a holding bowl in Kampung Berendam, a capacity store at Taman Desa, a twin box duct structure and control entryways structures. Savvy burrow is developed by utilizing the passage exhausting machine technique. The passage is developed into two decks motorway which is the upper deck and lower deck. Additionally, at the base of lower deck, there will be a spot for the water to channel through the passage. The wellbeing of the passage is consider as acceptable on the grounds that it is encircled by close circuit TV, 24 hours of watch, furnished with the vital firefighting gear, medical aid and crisis telephone in case of crisis occurred. Different highlights of passage are acceptable ventilation to keep up the air quality in the passage by utilizing solid ventilators. This SMART passage composed another page of building innovation in Malaysia by acquire a couple burrowing innovation, for example, burrow exhausting machine. It unquestionably indicated another progression took by the administration in upgrades the national transportation framework and flood issue also. 1.2 Problem Statement Kuala Lumpur is an operational hub for Malaysia⠿⠽⠿â ½s economy and it is a capital of the Malaysia. Consistently, there is an event of overwhelming floods around there and brought about broad harms. The city is likewise liable to traffic clog because of the populace increment in the city. So as to address the issue, government chooses to construct a Smart Tunnel to comprehend the both issue brought out through a joint endeavor settlement between MMC Corp Berhad and Gamuda Berhad with the Department of Irrigation And Drainage Malaysia and the Malaysian Highway Authority as the executing government offices. Shrewd Tunnel is filling a double need which is simplicity of traffic blockage and mitigates the floods issue in Kuala Lumpur. Notwithstanding, Kuala Lumpur⠿⠽⠿â ½s SMART Tunnel isn't looking so brilliant any longer as the there is event of substantial flood at Jalan TunRazak and Kampung Baru (The Star Online, 2011).Besides that, the overwhelming traffic blockage in Kuala Lumpur still can't be illuminate even the SMART passage has been developed with its optional capacity which is serve to facilitate the traffic issue. So as to see better on how the SMART passage works, keep up and the adequacy of its capacity, it is important to complete an examination on how the water is occupies and how it⠿⠽⠿â ½s serve to facilitate the traffic at Kuala Lumpur. 1.3 Aim and Objectives Title A Study and Evaluation of SMART Projects in Malaysia Point To set up the reasonable model of SMART activities in filling the double need of flood moderation and simplicity of street clog. Destinations The destinations of the examination are (I) To learn the working framework and support arrangement of SMART passage. (ii) To distinguish the viability of the keen passage in alleviate flood and simplicity of traffic clog. (iii) To consider the advantages of SMART passage by contrasting when the development of SMART passage. 1.4 Scope of Study In this examination proposition, three principle perspectives will be engaged and completed, for example, the working and upkeep arrangement of SMART Tunnel. This is primarily concentrate on how the SMART passage responds; work when there is a substantial flood and how is the support arrangement of the SMART passage. Other than that, an examination on the adequacy of the SMART passage will be completed. Advantages of the SMART passage will be concentrate by looking at the when of the development of SMART passage. Then again, the other three viewpoints that won't be center all through the examination proposition will be the administration arrangement of the SMART passage, the correlation on the exhibition of the structure under seismic stacking when there is an event of quake and the development technique utilized in building SMART passage. 1.5 Research Methodology Strategy in a streamline term can be characterized as a term whereby it empower the research⠿⠽⠿â ½s objective and goals can be accomplished viably. In this way, it is significant that an efficient strategy should do so as to gather all the vital and significant data to get a best outcome for the investigation. For the most part, the system of this exploration proposition is as per the following: First stage (Literature Review) In this stage, the investigation will start with the plan of exploration point, goals and issue proclamation. At this beginning time, a portion of the auxiliary information will be use as reference, for example, articles, reference books and paper. Optional information is utilized in this phase so as to comprehend the theme completely subsequently details the point, issue proclamation and goals of the exploration proposition. Second stage (Interview/Questionnaire/Case Study) After the plan of point, destinations and issue explanation, other important data will assemble from essential information. The important data will be obtained through essential sources, for example, meeting, survey and contextual investigation. The pertinent respondents that have information towards the theme will be meeting and poll approach will likewise be led by disperse various surveys to the respondent to top off. Third Stage In the wake of gathering all the applicable information, the information will be break down by utilizing an examination technique to dissect whether the target of the exploration has meet. The adequacy of the SMART passage in mitigates the floods and simplicity of traffic clog will be dissected at this stage and another strategy for examination will be finished by looking at the advantages when the development of SMART passage. At that point, the outcome will be introduced in the proposition itself. 1.6 Chapter Planned The examination proposition basically involves five sections which as demonstrated as follows: Section 1 Section 1 of the exploration proposition is only a brief on the examination proposition. In this section, a short presentation of SMART passage will be talked about. At that point the point, goals, issue proclamation and extent of study will be figured after perused the applicable data of SMART passage. Other than that, research technique, the progression of section and arranging of part will likewise be distinguished at this stage. Finally, a work program will be set up by contrasting the pre-arranged work and real work done all through the examination proposition. Section 2 The goals that defined in part 1 will be talked about more detail in this stage. In this section, the method of working and support arrangement of SMART passage will be study and talked about by alluding to the books, diary and articles. Then, the viability of the SMART passage in mitigates the flood and simplicity of traffic clog will be intricate altogether by alluding to the articles. At that point, the advantages of the SMART passage by looking at the when its development will be recognized and examined at this stage. Part 3 This part is mostly center around the system utilized in setting up the exploration proposition. Clearly, the procedure utilized which is essential information. Meeting and poll will be led by meet an individual who had information on the SMART passage, for example, Architect, Engineer and Quantity Surveying. Survey will be circulated to the street clients that utilizations SMART passage at any rate multiple times in seven days. Section 4 After the assortment of essential and optional information, a detail investigation will be completed by utilizing the SPSS programming to ascertain the result. This will be applied to the poll gathered after topped off by the street clients and the meeting being directed with the Architect, Quantity Surveyor or Engineers though the meeting will be investigate by composing it into a paper structure in research proposition. Section 5 Section 5 is the end part arranged after the examination of the information gathered. A potential proposal will likewise be delivered so as to give elective answer for the announcement as expressed in Chapter 1. 1.7 Summary of the Proposal Stream Chart 1: Summary of the proposition Source: Wong Yee Vern 2.1 Introduction In the time of 2001, Government has sort out an answer that would permit a serious flood to go into the city without flooding or cause harm to the downtown area. A thought was proposed by the Government to actualize a venture named SMART Project by developing a passage which fill a double need in mitigates the flood issue and simplicity of traffic clog. The acquirement technique for this undertaking is structure and construct contract and is do by a joint endeavor between Malaysian Mining Corporation and Gamuda Sdn Bhd. In the mean time, the conce

Respect Army Nco free essay sample

The Noncommissioned Officer Corp is the foundation of an expert armed force. Through genuine hands on encounters, and movement through the enrolled positions, the NCO ought to be in a place of self-assurance and regard, that their position alone should request regard from both enrolled warriors and our officials, in light of the fact that the NCO is in an initiative position, and regarding in any event their position and authority is required by guideline. The Unite States Army doesn't make the town’s bonehead a NCO. A NCO is the person who has been there, done that, and has experienced a mat street. They are the ones who get the mission accomplished.The NonCommisioned Officer is the foundation of the military. They are the ones with the experience that is required to be a voice of reason. In many cases, it requires a limited equalization of initiative capacity and great presence of mind to appropriately impact both the Officers and Junior Enlisted Soldiers to guarantee that each part of a crucial preparing occasion happen to standard. We will compose a custom paper test on Regard Army Nco or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page NCOs lead, instruct, train, guide, regulate and care for troopers. Non Comissioned officials are the ones that can bode well out of disorder. Try to avoid panicking under tension (and enduring an onslaught) and are by and large liable for everything that occurs or neglects to occur in the military.Officers arent educated to walk by officials, they are instructed by NCOs. Nobody figures out how to shoot a rifle without and NCO. Fundamental preparing and certain components of the Officer Basic Course are instructed by NCOs. Without regard to NCOs, you free alot that manages the essential fundementals of good military request and order. Warriors feel that they reserve a privilege to regard when they join the Army, and they do, yet they frequently overlook that the NCOs who are there to lead them have earned theirs. They have been there and done that. The NCO is the thing that makes the military of today. That is actually the motivation behind why you or nobody underneath and NCO

CHICON 2008

CHICON 2008 [by C/4C Adam Fuhrmann 11, C/4C Patrick Ernst 11, and C/4C Daniel Darlington 11] This year, during spring break, Detachment 365 cadets Darlington, Ernst and Fuhrmann traversed the nation to a gathering of exceptional cadets from the Arnold Air Society (AAS). This event, known as the National Conclave (NATCON), was hosted in Chicago, IL this year and was dubbed CHICON. During the weekend these three intrepid cadets attended many AAS business sessions in order to pass resolutions and make decisions on behalf of the society. During these sessions we had discussions with AFOATS Commander Major General Alfred K. Flowers as well as AFROTC Commander Colonel William R. Kunzweiler. We also witnessed a fantastic demonstration of the Air Force Drill Team, Hooahh! The Air Force Association hosted a luncheon for the cadets where we heard an incredible war story from a Vietnam Veteran Air Force pilot, and we watched our own Cadet Castonia receive the Northeast Region Outstanding Cadet of the Year Award. During the meetings we spoke with cadets from all over the country and swapped stories about our detachments and ROTC experiences. We gathered a lot of useful information and gained insight as to how we can improve our squadron and fulfill our goal as AAS cadets, which is to benefit society on behalf of the Air Force. We voted on two issues of utmost importance while we were at CHICON. First, we voted for the Charles E. Yeager Squadron of West Virginia University to be the National Headquarters of Arnold Air Society for 2008-2009. This resolution passed after heated debate between those who admired the squadron for their aspiration and those who felt the squadron did not provide sufficient evidence of their ability to be an effective National Headquarters. Once the 2007-2008 National Staff unofficially endorsed the Charles E. Yeager Squadron, momentum swung in their favor, and they won the title of National Headquarters for the coming year. We also voted for the Arnold Air Society and Silver Wings National Conclave 2009 to be held in Phoenix, AZ. It will be known as FIESTACON and is sure to be every bit as fun and productive and a few degrees warmer than CHICON. However, this trip was not all business. We had plenty of free time to spend as we pleased. Whether it was our exciting walk downtown in search of the best Chicago-style pizza place, or our jaw-dropping experience checking out Bentleys and Lamborghinis, we never felt like the meetings were eating up all of our time. Even during the times that we didnt go out into the city we still had a blast. We regularly lounged around in our hotel room to watch the March Madness games, and watch our brackets get destroyed in the process. There was also a Conclave-wide on-site activity during which everybody got together to play all sorts of games and hang out. There was golf, basketball, music, a moon-bounce, arcade games, and much more. Overall, it was a fun and exciting experience that I wish everybody could have enjoyed. Post Tagged #ROTC

A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens - 1153 Words

The great Chinese philosopher, Confucius, once stated, â€Å"Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two graves.† In the French Revolution, there was major tension between the peasants of France and the affluent monarchy, which oppressed the peasants to the point of starvation. Forced to fight for their lives, the peasants revolted, and became the leaders of France. This change is seen with characters with Madame Defarge and Sydney Carton as they adapt to these changes in their society. The concept of foolishness happened to the peasants in Paris because the aristocrats did not believe that the peasants were worth their respect. This can be seen when Marquis St. Evrà ©monde is not anxious when he kills the son of Gaspard he believes that his gift of one gold coin will suffice and he will forgive him. This was not the case and this is what led to his demise. This was additionally the idea that was seen when Madame Defarge was the only one who was willing to kill Lucie and her daughter. Despite the fact they are the family of Dr. Manette, a friend of the revolution, because they were related with the St. Evrà ©monde. This scene showed her real intentions. Moreover, the idea of good intentions are apparent when Carton was smart enough to realize that his opportunity to show Lucie he would do anything for her happiness. He knew that he would have to die, but that did not deter his thought process. Everyone has good intentions, but sometimes their intentions areShow MoreRelatedA Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens1420 Words   |  6 Pageshistory – the best of times and the worst of times. The violence enacted by the citizens of French on their fellow countrymen set a gruesome scene in the cities and country sides of France. 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Dickens juxtapositions suspense and humor in a intricate tale of love and loyalty. The book takes place in the late 18th century, during the french revolution. the book is set in England and France, more specifically London and Paris. These are the two cities that the book centers around. In the city of London, the neighborhood of SoHo, and Paris, the french countryside, and city of Dover. b city houses, palace of Versailles. The house in Paris where the Darnay s stayedRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities By Charles Dickens1363 Words   |  6 PagesTale of Two Cities A Tale of Two Cities is a 19th century novel that conveys the terror of the French Revolution through the story of the Manette and Darnay family. Charles Dickens intertwined characters throughout the novel to convey the equivocal viewpoint of the citizens throughout England. The ambiguous characters of Charles Darnay, Madame Defarge, and Mr. Carton, work to show both the innocence and savagery of the revolution. 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He was a very dedicated man with a great imagination, and he shows his writing skills in his book A Tale of Two Cities, a historical fiction that focuses on the French Revolution. In this book Dickens uses both atmosphere and imagery to describe how brutal and inhumane men can be to each other. He uses scenes of a man’s need for tyranny, a man’s needRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities By Charles Dickens1301 Words   |  6 PagesThe famous paradoxical line throughout history, â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times†¦Ã¢â‚¬  captures the essence of the French Revolution. Charles Dickens, the Victorian age author of A Tale of Two Cities vividly captures the fright and upheaval of the Pre-Revolution time period. By evoking the French Revolution, love is evident throughout all characters in the novel. Love eclipses tyranny, poverty, and all ot her problems that sansculottes in the novel face as love cannot be taken away

Princess Elizabeth Becomes Queen at Age 25

Princess Elizabeth (born Elizabeth Alexandra Mary on April 21, 1926) became Queen Elizabeth II in 1952 at the age of 25. Her father, King George VI suffered from lung cancer for much of his later life and died in his sleep on February 6, 1952, at age 56. Upon his death, Princess Elizabeth, his oldest daughter, became Queen of England.   The Death and Burial of King George VI Princess Elizabeth and her husband, Prince Philip, were in East Africa when King George died. The couple had been visiting Kenya as part of the beginning of a planned five-month tour of Australia and New Zealand when they received the news of King Georges death. With this very sad news, the couple immediately made plans to return to Great Britain. While Elizabeth was still flying home, Englands Accession Council met to officially determine who was the heir to the throne. By 7 p.m. it was announced that the new monarch would be Queen Elizabeth II. When Elizabeth arrived in London, she was met at the airport by Prime Minister  Winston Churchill  to begin preparation for the viewing and burial of her father. After laying in state at Westminster Hall for over 300,000 people to pay respect to his image, King George VI was buried on February 15, 1952,  at St. Georges Chapel in Windsor, England. The funeral procession involved the entire royal court and 56 chimes from Big Ben, one for each year of the kings life.   The First Television Broadcast Royal Coronation Over a year after her fathers death, Queen Elizabeth IIs coronation was held at Westminster Abbey  on June 2, 1953. It was the first televised coronation in history (yet excluded the communion and anointing). Before the coronation, Elizabeth II and Phillip, Duke of Edinburgh, moved into Buckingham Palace in preparation for her reign.   Although it was highly believed that the royal house would assume Philips name, becoming the  House of Mountbatten, Elizabeth IIs grandmother, Queen Mary, and Prime Minister Churchill favored retaining the  House of Windsor.  Ã‚  Ultimately, Queen Elizabeth II released a proclamation on April 9, 1952, a full year before the coronation, that the royal house would remain as Windsor. However, after the death of Queen Mary in March of 1953, the name Mountbatten-Windsor was adopted for male-line descendants of the couple.   Despite Queen Marys untimely death three months prior, the coronation in June continued as planned, as the former queen had requested before her death. The coronation gown worn by Queen Elizabeth II was embroidered with the floral symbols of Commonwealth countries including the English Tudor rose, Welsh leek, Irish shamrock, Scots thistle, Australian wattle, New Zealand silver fern, South African protea, Indan and Ceylon lotus, Pakistani wheat, cotton, and jute and the Canadian maple leaf.   The Current Royal Family of England As of February 2017, Queen Elizabeth II is still the reigning queen of England at 90 years old. The current royal family consists of her offspring with  Philip. Their son Charles, Prince of Wales, married his first wife Diana, who bore their sons Prince Henry (of Wales) and William (Duke of Cambridge), who in turn married Kate (Duchess of Cambridge), who bore Prince George and Princesses Charlotte (of Cambridge). Prince Charles married Camilla (Duchess of Cornwall) in 2005. Elizabeths daughter Princess Royal Anne married Captain Mark Phillips and bore Peter Phillips and Zara Tindall, both of which married and had children (Peter fathered Savannah and Isla with wife Autumn Phillips and Zara mothered Mia Grace with husband Mike Tendall). Queen Elizabeth IIs son Andrew (Duke of York) married Sarah (Duchess of York) and sired Princesses Beatrice and Eugenia of York. The queens youngest son, Edward (Earl of Wessex) married Sophie (Countess of Wessex) who gave birth to Lady Louise Windsor and Viscount Severn James.

Acupuncture essay Free Essays

string(37) " and it belongs to the Yin polarity\." Acupuncture Acupuncture is a traditional Eastern therapeutic technique that uses fine needles, inserted into specific points on the body along the meridians in proper speed to achieve a specific therapeutic goal. Acupuncture originated in prehistoric China, and it is based on such theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine as treating blockages of Qi, yin-yang balancing, five elements theory and pulse diagnosis. The functional system of channels and organs uses concepts of yin-yang balancing. We will write a custom essay sample on Acupuncture essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nowadays, acupuncture has become commonly used in many Western countries as well. Around 200 B. C. the Yellow Emperor’s textbook of physical medicine called Huang Di Nei Jing described the essential metaphysics of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The ancient Chinese doctors saw man as an integral part of nature and all things both in Yin and Yang around him were related to him, and things in Yin and Yang should be in balance. The original meaning of Yin is the shady side of the hill, and Yang is the sunny side of the hill. The opposites complement each other in a dynamic process. Thus, Yin and Yang cannot exist without the other, and the two forces always combine to make up the whole. This polar system of Yin and Yang has an important role in medicine and in the description of life processes in the human body and of their pathologic disturbances. † (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 2003, p88) Qi is the vital energy or life force, and it is omnipresent in natu re and is apparent in all life in the form of change and movement. The action and movement of Qi expresses in every life process and every organic function. â€Å"In the body, Qi accumulates in the organs and flows in channels or meridians that are called Jing and Luo in Chinese. (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 2003, p. 88) The general theory of acupuncture is based on the premise that there are Qi. The fluent flow of Qi throughout the body is essential for optimal health. Blockage of this energy is thought to cause disease. The aim of the treatment in Chinese acupuncture is to harmonize the flow of Qi by dissolving blockages and stagnation in the organs and channels. If the Qi of an organ is weakened, the function of this organ will be incomplete or faulty, but if Qi of an organ is present in xcess, the function of this organ will be excessive. Acupuncture can balance the conditions of excess or deficiency in the organs, and thus achieve an undisturbed function. Th e system of â€Å"five element†, like yin-yang balancing, is a philosophy concept and is a way of recognizing and analyzing things. The five elements are wood, fire, earth, metal and water. This system is used to explain the reasons of interaction relationship between all things in the nature through the interlinked relationship between the five elements. These basic elements are intimately interlinked. Each element is controlled by another, while itself simultaneously controlling a third phase. According to Chinese medicine, Qi flows through meridians, and there are11 organs interact intimately with the channels. The 11 organs are described as functional systems and subdivided into six Yang organs and five Yin organs. Large intestine, small intestine, stomach, urinary bladder, gallbladder and â€Å"Sanjiao† are the six Yang organs, and lung, heart, spleen, kidney and liver are the five Yin organs. Pericardium (a double-walled sac that contains the  heart  and the roots of the great vessels) is not considered as a Yin organ, but as part of the heart, having a channel. † (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 2003, p122) The 12 main channels form a system of three courses of channels at the body surface. Each course of channel consists of two pair Yin-Yang channels. One pair runs in parallel along the arm, and the other along the leg. This three courses flow in similar form. One Yin and one Yang organ form a functional unit, which involves a particular tissue and the corresponding channels. Acupuncture points are located on those channels. By the application of needles, heat, or massage on acupuncture points, acupuncturists can make some damaged organs function better. A pair of channels consists of a Yin and a Yang channel. â€Å"Yang channels run laterally or on the dorsal side of the body, while Yin channels run medially or on the ventral side. † (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 2003, p125) There are 12 main channels, like the months of the Chinese zodiac, each representing a major organ system of the body. In addition, there are two extraordinary channels named Ren Mai and Du Mai. Ren Mai is the conceptional vessel, which counts as a Yin channel, while Du Mai is the governing vessel, which counts as a Yang channel. These two extraordinary channels and the 12 main channels together make up the system of 14 channels on which the 361 classic acupuncture points are situated. The 12 main channels form a system of three courses or cycles of channels at the body surface. Each course of channel consists four main channels, two Yin and two Yang channels. â€Å"One Yin-Yang pair runs in parallel course along the arm, and the other along the leg. An internal branch of the channel derives from the main channel running to the corresponding Yin or Yang organ. † (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 2003, p125) The first course is located on the ventral side of the body. It is made up of the lung, large intestine, stomach, and spleen channels. The lung channel starts at the chest wall and runs along the volar side of the arm to the corner of the thumbnail, and it belongs to the Yin polarity. You read "Acupuncture essay" in category "Essay examples" The large intestine channel starts from the index finger and runs on the dorsal side of the arm to the face, and it belongs to the Yang polarity. The stomach channel starts from the face and runs ventrally down the body to the second toe, and it belongs to the Yang polarity. The spleen channel runs from the foot along the inside of the leg back to the chest wall, and thus it belongs to the Yin polarity. The second course is located on the dorsal side of the body. It is made up of the heart, small intestine, urinary bladder and kidney channels. The third course is located on the lateral side of the body. It is made up of the pericardium, Sanjiao, gallbladder and liver channels. These courses flow similar to the first course. A Yin or Yang channel axis is made up of two adjacent Yang channels or two adjacent Yin channels in the same course of channels. The Yang channel axes pass downwards from the arm to the leg through the head and body. The Yin channel axes pass upwards from the feet to arms through the body. The channel axes are important for diagnosis as well as for treatment. Acupuncture are very useful in treating some disorders, such as respiratory disorders, mental disturbances and illness, neurological disorders, skin disorders and disorders of the sense organs, etc.. Many respiratory disorders are successfully treated by acupuncture. Especially in chronic conditions, such as chronic sinusitis, bronchitis, or bronchial asthma, acupuncture is more effective than other forms of treatment. External climatic influences such as cold, wind, dryness, and occasionally heat are sometimes the causes of a weakened lung Qi. Thus, acupuncture can dissolving the blockage and can strengthen the Qi. Acupuncture treatment is very effective in a large number of psychosomatic disorders, such as agitation or exhaustion conditions, insomnia, depression, sexual disturbances, drug addictions, obesity, and headache. Acupuncture has a harmonizing, sedative, or tonifying effect. Many points of the Du Mail, heart, pericardium, and gallbladder channels have strong psychological effects. † (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 2003, p287) Also, organs that are affected in mental disturbances can be treated by stimulation of the points of the corresponding channels. Acupuncture also shows a good effect in migraine, chronic head ache and trigeminal neuralgia. According to traditional ideas, chronic headache and migraine are attributed to a blockage of Qi in the Yang channels of the head. The pain in chronic headache is mostly caused by an internal disturbance of organs. The location of pain is very important in planning for an individual acupuncture treatment. However, trigeminal neuralgia is attributed to a blockage of Qi caused by wind, cold, or heat, together with pronounced internal disturbances of the liver or stomach. â€Å"In the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, a large number of points in the face are needled on the contra-lateral side; they should be manually stimulated over and over again, for dispersing stimulation. (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 2003, p296) Acupuncture treatment is also effective in many skin disorders, such as neurodermatitis, acne, herpes zoster, psoriasis, and eczema. According to traditional ideas, the skin is related to the lung and the large intestine, and skin disorders are therefore treated with points on the channels relating to the lung and the large intestine. What worth mentioning is that points surrounding the disordered skin area should not be needled especially ulcerated regions. Acupuncture treatment is highly effective in disorders of the sense organs, deafness, tinnitus, vertigo, conjunctivitis and visual deficiency. According to traditional concepts, the ear is related to the functional system of the kidney and urinary bladder, while the eye corresponds to the liver and gallbladder. In addition, the ear is closely connected to the Sanjiao channels, which circles round the ear. Stimulation of the distal points of the Sanjiao is higyly effective in ear disorders. Negative effects of acupuncture were rarely reported, however, they do exist and special attention should be paid to. The most frequent complication of acupuncture treatment is the vasovagal episode. More serious complications reported include rare pneumothoraces, lacerations of viscera, compression of nerve trucks due to local hematomas, sepsis, transverse myelopathy, eschars and scarring, endocarditis, and broken needles. † (Ceniceros, Salvador and Geroge R. Brown, 1998) The first needles w ere sharp flints, and later metal needles had replaced sharp flints. Different acupuncture needles have different length and diameter. Usually, the length varies from 1. 5 to 15 cm, and the diameter varies from 26 to 36 gauge (0. 2 to 0. 5mm). Disposable needles are usually made of stainless steel with handles wrapped in copper wire. Today, most used needles are filiform steel needles because the steel is flexible and unbreakable. Filiform needles consist of a tip, a body and a handle. In most cases, 0. 3mm thick needles are used in acupuncture. When insert acupuncture needles, acupuncturist should hold them vertically use three fingers, the thumb on one side of the needle and the index and middle finger on the other side. The needles should be held perpendicular to the three fingers and 1-2cm from the tip of the needles should not be held, especially with long needles, which are more liable to bend. There are two methods of insertion. One is fast method, and the other is low method. Fast method causes less pain, while low method may be painful. The insertion can be perpendicular (90 °), oblique (30 °-60 °), or occasionally tangential (10 °). The depth of insertion and the direction are given with the specific acupuncture point, but they can vary depending on the constitution of the patient. In China in the 1960s, electro-acupuncture (EA) was introduced into clinical practice, especially for treatment of chronic pain and neurological diseases. â€Å"Electro-acupuncture is aimed at stimulate the points electrically by attaching flexible wires (via small alligator clips) to the needles. † (Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman and Bruce Plmeranz, 2003, p315) Electro-acupuncture uses one pair of needles which are attached flexible wires (via small alligator clips) to stimulate the points electrically, instead of twirling the acupuncture needles by hand. Pulses of electricity with the pulse width from 0. 1 to 1. 0 ms in duration are applied to the needles in order to stimulate nerves. One major advantage of Electro-acupuncture is that it is more convenient than manual therapy, and requires less skills and accurate needle placement. Acupuncture was first introduced to Europe in the 17th century. However, at that time, it was not widely accepted by Europeans. Most Western skeptics claimed that the traditional Chinese theory of acupuncture was merely anecdotal; therefore cannot be reliable. This situation has dramatically changed in the past 20 years. Lots of publications who went to China and saw the use of acupuncture have revealed the reductionism, causal mechanisms for many of the acupuncture effects in many leading Western journals. It is estimated that over 300,000 physicians of over one million practitioners outside China use acupuncture treatment for chronic pain. About 90% of the physicians that were found in a recent study of German pain clinics used acupuncture. Also, there are over 11,000 physicians were interested in acupuncture in the USA. In Canada, more than 2000 physicians have taken courses given by the Acupuncture Foundation of Canada. In North America, besides physicians, veterinarians, chiropractors, and naturopaths also use acupuncture. In conclusion, acupuncture based on the Tradition Chinese theory of Yin-Yang balancing, five elements theory to dissolve any blockages in the vital energy Qi. Acupuncture treatments are very useful in variable areas of disorders; despite there may few adverse effects. Nowadays, acupuncture is more familiar to Westerns, and it is accepted by growing number of people in the world. How to cite Acupuncture essay, Essays

Business Structure Incorporation Company †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Structure Incorporation Company. Answer: Introduction: After going through the facts that have been provided in this question, it becomes clear that Richard and his sons, David and Liam will obtain certain benefits if they go ahead and incorporate a company in order to expand their current business. The reason is that when the business structure of sole trader or partnership is compared with the company, it is easier to expand the business. Significant cost has to be incurred for the purpose of registration of a company as against the case where the business is run as sole trader or in partnership Management. However in the long run, the cost incurred in the incorporation of the company can be considered as a part of the business expenses (Sweeney, OReilly and Coleman, 2013). Similarly, only registering a business name is less expansive as compared to register a corporation. But after the registration of a corporation management, the business name is not required to be registered (Lipton, Herzberg and Welsh, 2016). The reason behind this situation is that after the incorporation of a corporation, the full name of the corporation, ending with "Pty Ltd" has to be used. Regarding the ongoing costs, the registration of a business name requires renewal after a fix interval. The government also charges a fee for this purpose. But in case of a company, the law requires that an annual fee has to be paid to the ASIC by every registered company. The major advantage that is associated with the incorporation of a company is present in the form of the Limited liability of its members. Therefore the law provides that when a company has been incorporated, the liability of its members is confined to their shares (Graw, 2011). However, the situation is different, in case of sole traders and partners. They are treated to be personally responsible for the debts and obligations of the business. Similarly, among other benefits available in case of the incorporation of a company deals with the rate of tax. Therefore the persons managing business by registering a business name are required to pay income tax at the normal, marginal rate but in case of the companies registered in Australia, a flat rate of tax is applicable. This rate is significantly less than the rate of tax that applies in case of individuals. Due to the reason that a company is treated by the law as a distinct legal entity, the law allows the company to own property in its own name. A corporation can also enter into a contract in its own name. In this way a company is considered by the law as a separate legal entity that is separate from its members and directors (Pentony et al., 2009). Before discussing the steps that need to be taken for the purpose of the registration of a company, the first issue is to decide which business structure will be most appropriate in the present case. Therefore, Richard and his sons are also required to decide the appropriate business structure for the expansion of their business. In order to make this decision, the parties have considered all the circumstances. For instance, in this case, Richard owns a successful business. Soon, his sons, David and Liam are also going to join him in business. However, in this case, they want to expand the family business. For this purpose, the parties are required to select the most appropriate business structure. The most appropriate business structure, in the present case will be that allows the parties to easily raise funds that are necessary for expanding the business. Similarly, there is another issue present in this question. Richard wants that the company should be named "Ridali". On the other hand, his sons was that the name of the business should be "Rich's Guarantee Olives". At this point it needs to be stated that there is a difference present between the registration of a company and only the registration of a business name. When the parties are going to select a name for their business, there are certain issues that have to be looked into. For instance, the name selected by the parties should not be similar to the name of a present business. Therefore, only the name that does not match any present corporation or business management name can be used. Thus it can be recommended that a name availability search should be made in order to ensure that the name selected by the parties is available or not. In this regard, the law provides that if the parties also have an identical name, such name may be registered by the parties as the name of the business. The law also provides that there are certain words due to which people may be misled regarding the activities of the company. Therefore, it is not permissible to use these words for example, any relationship with the government, Royal family or ex-servicemen. It is also insisted that companys name should also reveal the liability of its members. For instance, if the members have limited liability regarding the debts and obligations of the company, it is necessary that companys name ends with Proprietary Limited. In the same way, when the members of the company have unlimited liability, the law provides that the name should end "Proprietary". However if the parties want to exhibit a diverse name, an alternative is accessible to them according to which they can register another name as the business name. Therefore in this case, Rich's Guaranteed Olives can register a business name "Ridali". Therefore in such a case the business can trade under the name "Ridali". This name will be displayed on all the signage of the business. After going through the facts of this question, it appears that the issue in this case is if Terry and the other employees are allowed by the law to sue Cosmo Mine Ltd (CM). The reason behind this issue is that they were working for Cosmo Mining Services Pty Ltd (CMS). Cosmo Mine Ltd was a subsidy of CMS. The shareholders of CMS passed a resolution according to which they were going to establish a new corporation and CMSs business was going to be sold to this company. Therefore, CMS was going to be wound up. Under these circumstances, the question before Terry and the other employees of the company is if any action can be initiated against the parent company, CM or their employer company CMS. According to the general rule applied by the corporations law, a company is considered as having its own separate legal identity. The rule of separate entity was mentioned by the court in Salomon v Salomon (1896). The court affirmed that every company enjoys a distinct identity in the eyes of law. Therefore, this rule provides that, according to the corporations law, every company has its own separate legal identity after its registration (Vermeesch and Lindgren, 2005). As a result of the doctrine, a company can own property in its own name and enter into contracts in its own name. Therefore, the liabilities of the company are companys own liabilities and can be enforced against the company only. Similarly, a company can also be sued under its own name. In the same way, the doctrine of limited liability provides that the members of the company are not individually accountable for the liabilities of the corporation. Consequently, the debts and obligations of a particular company have to be enforced against the company only and the members of the company (directors and shareholders) cannot be held personally liable regarding these obligations. However, the rule related with limited liability of the members of a company is a general rule. There is an exception applicable to the general rule. It is known as piercing the corporate veil. In this regard, the corporations law provides that in certain cases, the courts are allowed by the law to ignore the distinct legal identity of a company and therefore the courts may decide to lift the corporate veil. Such decision can be made under the circumstances where the court is willing to inflict legal responsibility on the persons who have control over the corporation. This obligation is also present under the tort law, where it has been mentioned that in cases involving negligence, there should be a relationship of proximity present between the parties. The same requirement is also present in case of lifting the corporate veil. In Barrow v CSR Ltd (1988) the court was of the opinion the company needs to be considered liable for the tort of its subsidiary company towards its employees. Consequently, due to negligence of the subsidiary company, an employee of the company suffered asbestosis. The court concluded that in such a case it was not important if the principles of agency law were used to describe the case or if the proximity between the employees of the parent company and its subsidiary has been used or if the doctrine of lifting the corporate veil has been used, or the issue has been discussed in terms of the control of the parent company. The court stated that in all the cases, the final effect will be similar. Similarly in Briggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd (1989), the court found that the issue deals with negligence. The court had to consider the issue of lifting the corporate veil, along with the notion of foreseeability. In view of the decision given in the cases related with this issue, the current legal position can be described as follows. If sufficient resources are not available to the subsidiary company to compensate the other party under the law of tort, the other party can claim compensation from the party that has ultimate control over the subsidiary. In view of this legal position, in the present case also, it can be concluded that Terry can bring a claim against the parent company, CM. It was unanimously decided by the shareholders of CMS that the company is going to be wound up and the business of CMS was going to be sold to Lazarus Pty Ltd., a new company formed for this purpose. However in this case, it is clear that this new company has been created only for the purpose of evading the liability of CMS towards his former employees as well as the other residents of the town. These persons are suffering from cancer due to the reason that as a result of the mining activities of CMS, their drinking water has been contaminated. Now the situation is that the subsidiary company does not have the resources to pay compensation to these residents. The payment company CM owns 120, out of the 200 shares of its subsidiary, CMS.. At this point, it also needs to be mentioned that CS has complete control over the activities of its subsidiary. CMS had also leased the mining equipment from CM. In view of this situation, it can be concluded in the present case that Terry can sue the parent company, CS or the newly formed company, Lazarus for compensation. Under the circumstances, the court may decide to let the corporate veil and impose liability on the parent company which has ultimate control on the activities of CMS. References Harris, J. Hargovan, A. Adams, M. 2015, Australian Corporate Law LexisNexis Butterworths 5th edition, Lipton P, Herzberg A and Welsh, M, 2016, Understanding Company Law, 18th edition, Thomson Reuters Pentony, Graw, Lennard Parker, 2009, Understanding Business Law 3rd ed Butterworths Stephen Graw, 2011, An Introduction to the Law of Contract, 7th Ed., Thomson Reuters. Sweeney, OReilly Coleman, 2013, Law in Commerce, 5th Ed., LexisNexis. Vermeesch, R B, Lindgren, K E, 2005, Business Law of Australia Butterworths, 11th Edition Barrow v CSR Ltd (1988) Unreported Briggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd (1989) 16 NSWLR 549 Salomon v A Salomon Co Ltd [1896] UKHL 1

Taoism Essays (616 words) - Taoism, Chinese Philosophy, Tao, Laozi

Taoism The original form of Taoism is sometimes called philosophical Taoism or classical Taoism. Taoism never even had a name until Buddhism came to China. It was nameless. Lao Tzu even states that ?Tao? is only used because it is the closest word in meaning. Nothing can be said about the Tao without taking away from the meaning. When Taoism finally was acknowledged, it changed from its strict philosophical path to a religious one, with its own priests and holy men. For many centuries Taoism was just a way of life followed by peasant, farmer and gentleman philosopher and artist. They reflected and mediated. They learned from the highest teacher, nature. They meditated using the energy moving through their bodies and mapped out the roads and paths it traveled upon. Each man and woman was his or her own priest. The connection with the divine or Tao was the sacred trust of each individual. Taoism was said to have been created by the father of Taoism, Lao Tzu, which means ?Old Sage.? Lao Tzu was born in 1321 B.C. He was the keeper of the archives at the imperial courts. The legend has it that he went to the west border at age 80, sad because men were unwilling to follow the path of natural goodness. At the western border, a guard named Yin Xi asked Lao Tzu to record his teachings to him. Lao Tzu then wrote the Tao Te Ching. In Lao Tzu's view things were said to create wei or unnatural action by shaping desires or yu. The process of learning the names called ming used in the doctrines helped people to decide which what good and evil, beautiful and ugly, high and low, and "being" (yu) and "non- being" (wu). He believed that those who seek for and follow the Tao are strong of body, clear of mind, and sharp of sight and hearing. Followers of the Tao do not load their mind with anxieties of the world, and are flexible to change. This meant that wanting and desire was unneed ed because it was part of the Way. To abandon knowledge was to abandon names, distinctions, tastes and desires. Thus spontaneous behavior (wu-wei) resulted. Wu-Wei, which is a major theme in Taoism, is to do things in such a way that it does not seem like there is any effort involved. To do this meant to exist without conscious thought just like nature exists. It is letting go of the worldly thought and action so that the Tao might enter. Later in 399 B.C followed Chuang Tzu, who was labeled as the next great voice after Lao Tzu. Chuang Tzu developed even further what Lao Tzu had written about. He adapted what Lao Tzu taught about mystical learning and perspectives. Chuang Tzu's writing was more developed and clearly stated then Lao Tzu. He also emphasized the place humans have in nature. He believed that people should be at peace while moving with the world. He thought that different emotions lead to certain actions like compassion leads to courage or humility leads to leadership. Taoist ideas and images inspired the Chinese to love nature and to occasional retreat to it from the cares of the world to rest and heal. It also inspired an intense affirmation of physical life from health, well-being, and vitality, to even immortality. Taoism took a turn toward the occult. Some Taoists searched for "isles of the immortals," or for herbs or chemical compounds that could ensure immortality and magic but Taoists were more interested in health and vitality the search for immortality. Bibliography: Feibleman, James K. Drugs: Interactions. New York, New American Library, 1976

Article Summaries Essay examples

Article Summaries Essay examples Article Summaries Essay examples Research Summary Paper PP7050: Physiological Psychology Argosy University, Orange County 23 October 2013 Article Summary: â€Å"Neuroimaging in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Current and Future Predictors of Functional Outcome†(Suskauer & Huisman, 2009) A review by Suskaur and Huisman (2009) discusses new brain imaging techniques (i.e., diffusion weighted (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), and H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS)) and presents current research on their abilities to identify functional outcomes following TBI in the pediatric population due to their sensitivity in detecting microstructural brain injuries such as diffuse axonal injury (DAI). This review also discusses traditional anatomical imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as their insensitivity in detecting microstructural brain injuries. The authors suggest that the ability to more accurately identify the degree of brain injury early on may assist in determining patients’ sequelae of injury, individualizing treatment, implementing early intervention to limit further brain injury, and increasing efficiency of rehab for patients. Current research studies related to this review are referenced. For example, according to Lee and Newberg (2005), brain imaging following TBI is often essential to identifying patients’ sequelae of injury and prompting necessary interventions (i.e., surgery). This supports the clinical relevance of this review. Furthermore, according to Bauer and Fritz (2004), many age-related differences between the brain of a child and that of an adult exist that impact injury and rehabilitation. Therefore, the authors of this review solely focus on the pediatric population for the sake of continuity of findings. The method employed in this review was a review of current literature. Specifically, details of brain imaging methods are explicated. For example, according to the authors, CT is quick, easy, and accessible and provides information on the acute setting of TBI. However it has limited ability to identify the extent of DAI, only presents more obvious injuries, and is limited by its use of ionizing radiation. MRI is more accurate in detecting DAI. MRI studies have revealed associations between anatomical locations of lesions and post-TBI global functioning. For example, studies have demonstrated that deeper, more centrally located brain lesions are associated with worse outcomes (Grados et al., 2001). Anatomical MRI studies have also demonstrated relationships between post-traumatic ADHD, personality change, anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders. However, there is no significant consensus in this literature. DWI is a new, noninvasive functional MRI technique that shows differentiation between the diffusion of protons in the brain and, therefore, differentiation between cytotoxic and vasogenic edemas, which are associated with DAI. Studies reveal that vasogenic may be reversible, while cytotoxic usually is not. Overall, DWI provides a greater degree of abnormality and better predicts outcomes compared to other techniques. DTI takes it a step further and measures the direction and proportion of diffusion. DTI results have been found to demonstrate relationships with injury severity and functional outcome. Additionally, DTI shows promise for future research investigating underlying mechanisms of recovery and pediatric brain development. SWI measures extracellular and extravascular blood products in the brain. It is very sensitive in detecting quantity and volume of lesions, which are associated with global (i.e., coma) and neurocognitive outcomes (i.e., IQ). H-MRS assesses for injury by analyzing the presence of neurometabolites. Disturbance in these has been found to be predictive of specific outcomes (i.e., good/bad, cognitive, and behavioral). In sum, future research

M5 Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

M5 Reflection - Essay Example Inclusive schools cultures that are open and friendly to the communities around them as well as the rest of the stakeholders can be achieved through ensuring the communication between all these entities is trusting and open (Stuht, 2009). Social capital is greatly increased when the schools and the community are able to communicate openly and teachers must word hard to eliminate any misunderstandings founded on cultural differences. I order to improve the academic achievements of schools and students, it is important to involve community-based organizations such as libraries, zoos and museums among other organizations as they provide the students with additional information. Additionally, the schools should adhere to the federal regulations for the involvement of parents and parents can ensure this through creating awareness in the school environment (Wanat, 2010). The parents should have a commitment to creation of a positive school culture as well as a safe and operational learning environment, which is able to support holistic education. The schools should also be committed to lead and manage evidence based instructional programs that will make sure that all the children who learn in their institutions gain knowledge, skillsets and values that will mold them into contributing society

Stalking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Stalking - Research Paper Example Any violence the victim relates, past or present, should be taken seriously. Stalkers will only become more violent if violence is already present. Damaged property should be taken seriously only after violence. The pattern of stalking can be very important in predicting future attacks. Any stalker information can help create a profile. This profile can put the stalkers in one of five categories. Davis (2005) reports the five categories as: 5. The predator. This is about sex gratification, control, and violence. The stalker doesnt necessarily know the victim. The victim may not know she is being stalked. But a predator plans their attack, rehearses it, has lots of sexual fantasies about it. The intake form above creates an evaluation as unique as the assessment. This type of form will need to be assessed and evaluated based on the answers. Since the answers are going to vary, the evaluations will also vary. If the assessment above finds violence, property destruction, and the characteristics of the predator or intimacy-seeking stalker, these should be given priority. These stalkers will not go away or stop. If there is no violence, property destruction, and the characteristics of a resentful stalker, these should be given less priority. However, every stalker has the potential to be violent. Each case should be studied individually. In conclusion, it should be noted that not every stalker will be stopped. Some cases will end up in fatalities, casualties, and other harm done. Some cases will be solved and the behavior stopped. There is no assessment and evaluation miracle. Not all behavior can be predicted. The above intake, assessment, and evaluation should be used as tool. It should never be used to convict a stalker. It should only predict

Feminist Research Into Soap Opera Audiences

Feminist Research Into Soap Opera Audiences Feminist Research into the field of television has made a vital contribution by studying the genre of soap opera and its audiences. The understanding of the relationship that the genre share with its audiences is important in gaining knowledge about why this genre has remained such a popular form, despite the continuous criticism that has been receiving from the television critics and journalists. Feminist researchers such as Ien Ang, Dorothy Hobson, and Lesley Henderson etc focused their research of soap operas in exploring how soap opera audiences use this genre as a medium to engage into social debates and interpret the drama in their own ways. Rather than focusing on the text alone, they have elaborated on how audiences bring their perspectives in the stories. These authors have tried to put themselves in this scenario and explored the study as fans rather than just being critics. As Brunsdon(1995, p.50, cited in Henderson, 2007, p.8) notes, On the one hand, there is a perceived incompatibility between feminism and soap opera, but, on the other, it is arguably feminist interest that has transformed soap opera into a very fashionable field for academic inquiry. The aim of this essay is to out light on and the work of this feminists by analysing and exploring the key concepts such as active audiences, and breaking away from the allegory that soap opera audiences are passive watchers. The aim is also to understand why women have always been the dominant members of the soap operas. Do they enjoy this genre merely for entertainment? If no, then what understanding do they bring to soap operas? Another aspect that this essay touches upon is to critically understand whether soap opera writers lack creative ability, as people especially non soap opera viewers, often think that the storylines of such genre are dragged and over dramatized. Lastly, it touches on the social relevance that soap operas have, apart from just being considered as a source of melodrama and entertainment. Talking about television is part of the everyday work culture of both men and women (p 175). Discussing storylines in the form of gossip or debate, criticizing or applauding, sympathizing with the characters and relating to incidents that unfold in reel life with the real lives, are some of the processes through which soap opera audiences find this genre so entertaining. Breaking the myth of passive viewer One of the most crucial contributions made to the media studies by feminist researchers is the understanding of the relationship between soap operas and its audiences. The answer to the question why the soap opera is so popular lies in understanding the relationship it shares with its audiences. The effects that soap operas can possibly have on its viewers form the basis of their success or failure on television. Feminist researchers have time and again exhibited the importance of understanding the audience/text relationships. But, often soap opera audiences are stereotyped as passive viewers. As the term suggests, passive viewers are the ones who just blindly accept the information that is provided to them. There is a misconception that the members of this category do not use their own knowledge and understanding while watching the soap operas, as they are a product of fiction and fantasy. According to Hobson (2003, p.166), journalists and critic s often stereotype the soap opera audiences as easily duped mass, who fall prey to the melodramatic storylines. This assumption is stated by Seiter et al too (1997, p. 162). They add that critics feel that viewers usually turn off their brain cells while watching a programme, hence losing any critical ability to judge the merits and demerits of a soap opera. They do not understand the difference between what is real and what is fictitious. In a recent episode of BBCs Eastenders, the show tackled with the issue of cot death and baby swap. The episode was subject of a lot of debate and criticism. Viewers termed this particular storyline as awful tragic and sensationalism, especially since it was aired during the New Years time. Joyce Epstein, director of the Foundation For The Study Of Infant Deaths (FSID) was quoted in Mailonline saying, I just hope that people realise that this is fiction, this is not real life. I would hope people can view it as something that happens on screen and is not real life. Apparently, the show received around 5000 complaints about how the subject was so sensitive and the events were exaggerated. This means that the viewers were in fact critical of the subject and brought their own understanding to the topic. Another analysis of this could be that maybe viewers always have had opinions about soaps, its just that now their opinions are more visible because more and more people are using web tools and the whole issue is sometimes blown out of proportion to gain the attention. A viewers interpretation of the text could be in any form a moral argument, a social debate, a group discussion or a part of everyday gossip. Through all these means, it can be said that audiences are bringing their own experiences and opinions to the show and also add their perspectives to the stories. Soap operas depend on the audience following the stories and need their audience to be loyal and watch regularly (Hobson, 2003, p.161). This exemplifies that soap operas are constantly thriving on the support of its audience, and if the audiences discontinue their support, then soaps cannot run for a long time. According to Gillespie (1996, p.13), spending time on watching soap operas is a productive way to understand how viewers consume the text, images and narratives. This thought is also resonated by Slade, who supports the concept of active audience and asserts that viewers do not just accept a producers perspective of a particular story, add their own meaning to it through their reactions. This statement in a way contradicts the famous Hypodermic syringe model which subscribes that audiences are under the spell of media producers and that the audiences act and think according to what the media is trying to tell us, rather than putting your understanding to the media texts. Philip J. Hanes(2000) suggests that rather than understanding the audience/text relationships through effects model terming audience as passive viewers, it is important to focus on a new approach through Uses and Gratification model , as this model focuses on how audiences use and interpret media texts rather than focusing on what effects media has on the audiences. According to the model, audiences have specific needs and actively turn to the media to consume various texts to satisfy those needs (Hanes). Originally targeted towards women above the age of thirty, are shows like Desperate Housewives and Sex And The City. These are now widely popular amongst women in their twenties. Male viewers also e njoy these shows because of the glamour quotient; these viewers would otherwise avoid soap operas. Audiences are not blank sheets of paper on which media messages can be written; members of an audience will have prior attitudes and beliefs which will determine how effective media messages are (Abercrombie 1996, 140, in Hanes April 2000). In her research on audience reception of American Prime time show Dallas, Ien Ang (1985, p.26) found that each of the viewers watching the show shared an exclusive relationship with its characters and storyline. This experience or bond that they feel could be a product of their thinking, their social surroundings, and their background or depending on their social class and age group. Gender studies Why do women audience dominant this genre? As mentioned, soap operas heavily thrive on their viewers attention. And a large part of this audience is dominated by women. Because this genre deals with storylines and themes that are melodramatic, emotional, fantasy based, critics would argue that that are the reasons that soap opera producers can easily attract womens attention. But, feminists researchers believe that there are valid and important reasons as to why women love viewing these types of programmes. Undoubtedly, Soap operas are a means of entertainment, and provide the pleasure of viewing fictitious lives. Emotional realism, the fantasy world, melodrama are some of the reasons that evoke women to watch soap dramas but at the same time, it is important to note that female audiences bring a whole new meaning and knowledge to the soap opera viewing experience. One of the most exceptional qualities that women possess (as a gender) is the ability to relate and empathize with experiences. However, Ang(1985, p. 82) argues th at the fact that women love watching soaps is not so much associated with their social surroundings, especially housewives per se and that they are inclined towards a melodramatic lifestyle. Rather she points out that women are accustomed to tackle any situation psychologically, filled with a lot emotions. Hence, it becomes easier for them to identify with tragic structure of feeling inscribed in the dramas. In her work on audience reception of Crossroads, Hobson (2003, p.168) observed that women related the content of Crossroads, with their own personal lives, by relating the stories and characters with everyday lives. The problems depicted in the programme bore resemblance with the problems that they experienced. A lot Indian audiences, (again mainly women) enjoy watching soap operas because they feel that some of the situations or events in these programs teach them how to tackle family issues, since most of the dramas revolve around family lives as the main theme while rivalry, extra marital affairs, form the sub themes. Another important aspect that attracts women towards soap operas is fantasy world, which offers things and experiences that one cannot experience in real life. It acts a mode of escape from a daily routine in to the world full of possibilities. Pleasure of fantasy lies in its offering the subject an opportunity to take up positions which she could not in real life.The best example could be that contemporary soap operas such as Desperate Housewives and Sex And The City (SATC) narrate the story of women who are independent, powerful and charismatic, but at the same, they are shown to have their share of lifes struggles, and as expected they manage to work their way through domestic problems and family quarrels. For women viewers, such situations act as a means of forgetting their own personal problems by getting engrossed in such programmes. It gives them a chance to divert themselves from the pressures of their mundane life. Women form a personal bond with such characters and start im agining themselves to be like those fictitious characters. For some women, solving a domestic issue is too serious an issue, but when from a third persons point of view, they watch a TV character going through the similar situation, it tend to imagine the issue as a minor one. Moreover, apart from emotional involvement, these shows celebrate free spirited nature of womanhood by focusing attention on female friendships. In her interaction with women via group discussions on SATC, Deborah Jermyn found out that the programmes realism lay predominantly in its depiction of the womens friendships and conversation particularly within the scenes where they meet together as a group to talk.(Akass and McCabe, 2004, p.214) Moreover, the location of the show, New York, for some women, added the escapist quality to their life. However, Mary E. Brown makes a contrasting point here. She argues that soap operas usually portray women characters as passive and powerless on one hand, and sexual objects for men on the other (Brown 1990, p. 75). She gives the examples of strong and positive women characters such as Christine Cagney from Cagney and Lacey, and Maddie Hayes from Moonlighting. The former portrays the life of two strong, independent, working women living life in a modern way. Brown stresses that such positive representation of women on soaps operas act as potential role models of its female audiences. From such a perspective, it is only logical to claim one should strive to offer positive role models by supplying positive images of women. (Brown, 1990, p.83). Hobson (2003, p. 178) echoes Brown views by noting that The women characters that were seen as the most popular were those who had to struggle against the vicissitudes of life. British soap operas often are based on the topic of emotional realism. They are considered to be realistic in nature. In her discussion on English soap operas, Hobson found out that women audiences felt that the female characters in the show held strong popularity because they had the ability to cope with difficulties. Such qualities, as per Hobson are considered as admirable (Hobson 2003, p.178). Many of the characters in the series Coronation Street and Crossroads were women who themselves had to confront problems in their everyday lives, and the resolution or negotiation of these problems within the drama provided point of recognition and identification for the women viewers(167-68) Gender studies play a vital role in understanding how different members (male or female) of audiences think about a particular soap drama. It has been mentioned above how women have the ability to relate to the fiction and bring their own meanings to the soaps. Women, especially housewives who are considered as the prime targets of this genre, generally find this medium to get away from their mundane domestic life. Hence, they switch on to soap operas and watch stories of women who either have better or worse lives than theirs. It gives them a reason to escape from their own surroundings for a while. Men, on the hand, ideally prefer entertainment. They think that soap operas are dramatized beyond belief. They believe that soaps are generally slow and even a little fictitious incident in them is dragged and hyped. Moreover, they cannot be bothered to watch every episode of the show. In short, they are not brought to think emotionally as women usually do. This is an argument put forward by some theorists that identity of a soap opera viewer is inscribed in the soap itself. Soap operas identity is most dominant by women viewers. The competences necessary for reading soap opera are most likely to have been acquired by those persons culturally constructed through discourses of femininity. (Morley, 1992, p.129 cited in Chandler, 1994). Death of creative writing? Due to the qualities that soap operas inherit: exaggerated storylines, melodramatic imagination, tragic structure of feeling, emotional realism, escapism, it is often assumed that they tend to lack creativity and originality in terms of writing. In the recent years, there has been an increase in number of soap operas that are being produced. This might give television critics a reason to think that soap operas have nothing new to offer to its audiences, except stretched storylines and themes. This genre is originally meant to provide entertainment and the reason that it is successful in doing so, is because its audience loves it. They love being a part of writers fictitious world and then, also have the advantage of bringing their own endings or beginnings to these soaps. Moreover, it should be noted that the makers of such soap operas often take examples from real life events and situations and then play them out by adding drama and fiction to it. More importantly, the issues that formed the basis of stories were those which were important and relevant at the time when they were conceived and had a place within the planned storylines (Hobson 2003, p. 201). Since, they cater to a vast amount of audiences, it is impossible to the soap producers to not be reflective and not tackle the everyday issues. In a recent episode of BBCs Eastenders, the show tackled with the issue of cot death and baby swap. The episode was subject of a lot of debate and criticism. Viewers termed this particular storyline as awful tragic and sensationalism, especially since it was aired during the New Years time. The example that is previously mentioned about Eastenders, also to a certain extent implies that soap opera storylines do take instances from real life events. Another quote by Joyce Epstein, (FSID) saying, I would hope people can view it as something that happens on screen and is not real life. However, she did say that, But cot death does happe n (Thompson, 2011). This shows that scriptwriters do take instances from real life or issues that affect people and played them out on screen. Rather than saying that soap opera writers lack creativity, it should be said that they possess reflectivity, the tendency to reflect their views through dramas, while keeping in mind its relevance. As Henderson notes, Creeber challenges the perception of a decline in quality programming and argues that we should not lament the death of the single play but should instead celebrate the generic hybridity of television drama (Creeber, 2004, p.15, cited in Henderson, 2007, p.15). A T.V drama writer has the whole world of imagination to choose from, (Henderson, 2007, p. 9). They have the gift to experiment with the storylines, introduce new characters from time to time, bring mini climaxes and dramatize cliff hanging moments. The Eastender example manage to grab the eye balls apart from becoming a topic of debate, and both these points work in the favour of the show, because it keeps the audiences hooked and possibly also get the attention of viewers who are not regular watchers. According to Henderson, 2007 (p. 168), the production team behind the working of soap operas most often bring their own experiences to the show, hence acting as surrogate audience. Hendersons thoughts are echoed by Hobson as well. Hobson argues that the biggest advantage soap operas have as compared to other genres is that this genre has the scope to engage the audiences by exploring the events based on daily lives. Soap opera writers stay true to their audiences by showing their high creative ability to adapt real life situations rather than manipulate them. The repetitive nature of soaps, with its core of established characters, may also allow a level of identification and empathy which is impossible to replicate in other fictional forms. (For example, the single play) p 174 h) Ang states a rather different view on this. She asserts that exaggerated plots and themes function as metaphors for lifes torments.(Ang, 1982, p.63) She adds that this should mean that there is a lack of creativity or originality in the soap operas as critics who opine this ignores the structural function that lays this genre. The repetitive nature of soaps acts as metaphors for lifes torments in our culture, speaking directly to the imagination of the public.(Ang, 1982, p.64). An exploration of the important issues in everyday life, the soap opera provides a set of representations which can be seen as vibrant reflections of reality. They work because they reflect important issues and they connect with the experiences of the audience; unless they make that connection they will not succeed. After all, shows like Eastenders have always talked issues such as teenage pregnancy, issues related to drugs, suicides and extra marital affairs. Social relevance Lesley Hendersons research in the field of television fiction stresses on the argument that television fiction is not simply is a site of pleasure but it also is a site of definitional power (Henderson, 2007, p.8). She also adds that Soap opera has emerged as a format within which controversial or socially sensitive issues are played out (Henderson, 2007, p 12). As soap operas cater to a wide range of audiences across the world, it becomes important for the broadcasters to own up a moral responsibility by imparting social education to the audiences, apart from just entertainment. When producers realised that the audiences were slowly getting alienated from family dramas, they shifted their focus on socially relevant issues like Child marriage, eve teasing, female infanticide and other important issues and incorporated them into stories. Soon, the television fiction saw a huge change in the way soap operas were earlier perceived. Women, Men and children and elders, everyone started wa tching soap operas again and applauded the creative teams for talking about issues that were long ignored. Television fiction has largely been studied as a site of entertainment and pleasure despite its importance in relaying social meanings and cultural forms (Grispurd 1995, p.21, cited in Henderson, 2007, p.7). A recent T.V drama, Nivedita, talks about the issues of HIV/AIDS. Inspired from education oriented soaps operas produced in South America, this soap opera follows the route of education as entertainment, as described by its makers. Its a 26 episode series and at the end of episode, viewers get to see a short message on HIV/AIDS awareness by celebrities. In a developing country like India, where HIV/AIDS epidemic is one of the major concerns, a soap opera like Nivedita is a good way to educate the audiences about the epidemic. Besides, in India, television and film actors are considered as demi gods, whatever they do, good or bad, audiences keenly observe them. According to marketing strategy followed by media owners, incorporating a social message as a part of storyline is an eff ective tools because viewers relate to them in a better way (Pain, October 2010). The secret is to make sure that the drama remains recognisably real while subtly redefining reality in such a way as to alter perceptions of what is normal and good (Carlin 2003 in Henderson, 2007,, 2007, p.18-19). The fictional soap operas and the situational comedies give us an impersonal way to begin a debate about moral issues. (Slade, 2000, p. 424) Slade(2000, p.422-423) provides an example of Mirada de Mujer, a Mexican high quality telenova. Based on the life a women character Marie- Inà ©ss, this soap opera dealt with controversial themes such as AIDS, unwanted pregnancy and extra marital affair. It became a topic of debate not only in domestic sphere but also in the Mexican press. The life events of this central character were a constant topic of debate among Mexican household. Thus, this telenova was successful in generating enough controversy and encouraging people as well members of the audiences in participating in social debates. But, in order to be a success in terms of attracting the audiences, such soap operas need to thoroughly understand the audiences needs as well. The producers of soap operas that deal with a certain social message need to make sure that the message is clearly put across to the audience, for them to continue watching the show. (Henderson, 2007, p.19) They should avoid making the drama look like a documentary or a commentary. Contemporary soap operas audiences feel the need to be entertained with every scene. Hence, a right balance of entertainment and seriousness is a must for such a soap drama. How is this genre different from other dramas? Unlike some of the other genres such as crime, the format of soap opera is not meant to be full of suspense, where the audiences are supposed to tune in everyday to see the suspense unfold, rather this genre is a product of a long, slow, and complex fiction which becomes successful in engaging the audiences, as they are tempted to know more about the storyline and characters. According to Ang (1982, p.57), even as the theme is recurring and repetitive, it works in the favour of the audience, as they start viewing the show not as an outsider but as one of members of that show. aUnlike a talk show, where audiences are just made sit and watch two people converse, in soap operas, the main theme is constructed in a way that it seems never ending. Life in a soap opera is full of troubles crime, rape, burglary, extra marital affairs. The French semiologist Violette Morin points out, for example, that the popularity of the television serial could derive from the fact that the life depicted in it seems to proceed more slowly than real life. (Morin cited in Ang, 1982, p.81) This could mean that in todays contemporary society, where people have to just rush through moment, due to time constraints, they till crave for a life in slow motion. A small incident in a soap drama stretches for minutes, sometimes days, hence bringing a melodramatic meaning to audiences life, which they normally do not experience. The longer they run the more impossible it seems to imagine them ending.(Geraghty, 1991, p. 11, cited in Chandler, 2004) Conclusion: Undoubtedly, as Charlotte Brunsdon put it, soap operas today have become a subject of many syllabuses, rather than being considered merely an object of ridicule. While it has been mentioned that audience engage and contribute their understanding in the viewing of soap operas, it should also be kept in mind the judgment of this knowledge and comprehensive study largely depends on a viewers own awareness of culture and experiences, meaning that a particular story or a scene in a soap, could possibly have different meanings. It can also be concluded that soap operas take the process of communication beyond the experience of television viewing itself, in the form of social debates, imitating the fictional characters and their lives. Through the analysis of Angs work, it can be said that soap opera audiences relate to the metaphors that storylines often depict and this is study is relatable to contemporary soap opera audiences as well. The pleasure of watching a soap lies in i ts exaggerated plots, emotional sufferings and cliff hanging plots. The experience of watching a soap drama is very personal too, because everything is told from a personal viewpoint. Another assumption that can be disrupted from the research on Active audience is that contemporary soap opera audiences have become smart and aware of that content they are watching. They can no longer be fooled by the programme markers. That means, even programme makers have to deal with certain challenged to keep the viewers engaged. So, it is a possibility that in an effort to keep the audiences glued to the drama, producers today resort to techniques such as over dramatizing the events, sensational stories, spreading true or false link up stories of their TV actors in media, because today since news spread really quickly, owing to the internet and hence, such means help the producers in grabbing eyeballs. After all, any publicity is considered to be good for such shows. Lastly, it is important to understand that soap operas were originally meant to offer a company to housewives, who fitted their daily routine work around soaps. A domestic life of any person is filled with all kinds of emotions. These are used as metaphors to depict situations and events in soaps. While it is a valid argument that emotions are portrayed in extreme ways of melodrama, it cannot be denied that these metaphors are sourced from real life events, more or less. Apart from providing entertainment to their audience, a soap opera producer also holds the responsibility to regular be reminded of their social responsibility as a broadcaster. Critics, who view soap operas as merely a source of repetitive pleasure, need to understand that socially relevant themes can also act as means of pleasure for the audiences. After all, bringing up socially relevant issues too form a source of moral debate in the contemporary society. But when what has happened in the last thirty years or so is, a strange restructuring of presenting women on screen. This point is most valid with context to contemporary shows such as SATC and Desperate Housewives. While it has been pointed out that such shows celebrate the true spirit of women, but at the same time, shows trivialises the female condition by making them into money hungry, male craving pieces of physicality. A valid query could be do they want anything else? is the changing the attitude of the people or are people forcing their opinions onto shows? Similarly, another stereotypical notion arises when one views Indian TV soaps, where the traditional housewife is shown as the positive role model while the sexy modern thinking woman is the vamp. The strange aspect of this is that these stereotypes are still prevalent; somehow these facts are overlooked by audiences because of the popularity this genre holds. Lastly, the reason that audiences keep coming back to their favourite soap operas each and every day lies in the fact that they not only do they relate to the storylines and characters but it is the personal experiences and memories that these soaps show which intensifies their relationship with this genre, because they feel that they have been through such situations at some point of time. As Hobson (2003, p.202) puts it, The future of soap opera of intricately interwoven with the power and desire of the audience.

Engage in personal development in health, social care Essay

1.1 Describe the duties and responsibilities of own work role. I work with clients with Autism and/or a learning disability, within a supported housing setting. My current job role is as a ‘care assistant’. I am responsible for providing support to the service user’s, which includes: personal care, assisting with meal preparation, assisting with medication, organising service user finances, assisting with meal planning and maintaining records. The main purpose of my work is to assist and work alongside clients in their own homes and in the community, helping those clients to access and take part in a full range of community activities. It is my duty to enable clients to acquire and practise everyday living skills, to help make full use of the community resources and facilities and to help provide the personal care and supervision required by individual clients. I received an induction training course when I first joined the company, which provided specialised trai ning relating to the learning disability sector. I receive regular supervision with the house manager where I can discuss any problems, and get support. I can also request training, and my manager can highlight areas where I would benefit from further training in. I attend regular refresher courses in training, so that I am up to date with the current standards required for my role. I treat all service users with respect and dignity, and my work practices reflect and promote equal opportunities. I have read, and understand my Company’s policies and procedures, and am aware of what to do in most circumstances, and the correct reporting/recording procedures to follow. I always work in a professional manner, and ensure all service user information is kept up to date, and confidential. The main purpose of my work is to assist and work alongside clients in their own homes and in the community, helping those clients to access and take part in a full range of community activities. It is my duty to enable clients to acquire and practise everyday living skills, to help make full use of the community resources and facilities and to help provide the personal care and supervision required by individual clients. 1.2 Explain expectations about own work role as expressed in relevant standards. My expectations about my work role are the same as a career as they would be  if I was a service user, I believe you should treat others how you would want to be treated yourself and I’d expect to be treated with dignity and respect In any job your will have standards that you must meet as written in your job description. These are usually ranged from minimum required standards to expected standards, to exceeding expectations. There are regulatory and statutory requirements that are relevant to specific industries which you must comply with for example the GSCC (general social care council) code of conduct would be met with OFSTED standards to provide duties for all employees and employers to comply with. I believe I am aware of all standards that need to be met in my job role at any given time and I make reflective practice a routine part of my job, and would ask my supervisor if I was ever unsure what standards apply to your role. 2.1 Explain the importance of reflective practice in continuously improving the quality of service provided. Reflective practice is important way of learning from experiences and improving services. These methods can determine what methods work well and what doesn’t work very well or not at all. Only when good and poor practices are identified can an accurate assessment of performance be made. Areas of good practice can be built on and repeated and any areas where the service could be improved would be identified and can be addressed with training, advice and support. 2.3 Describe how own values, belief systems and experiences may affect working practice. I believe your background and values are of upmost importance especially in this work setting, a naturally careering person undergoing a careers work role can find the experience very rewarding and very natural however an individual without these particular caring values could find the role a lot of effort and very demanding. Unfortunately I have gained my experience as a career due to a member of my family being autistic, this however as instilled in me a natural ability to provide all levels of care from challenging behaviour to personal care. Looking at this on a bigger scale I can see how this industry could just be a job to some people and therefore would maybe look at some duties as choirs rather than simply helping that person. What you determine as important and what you see as acceptable is an essential single-valued function of who you are. The way in which you respond to subjects or duties is linked to what you believe in, what you consider important and what interests you. You may find you react positively to people who share your values and less warmly to people who have different priorities. When you develop friendships, it is natural to spend more time with people who share your interests and values. However, the professional relationships you develop with people are another matter. As a professional, you are responsible to provide the same quality of support for all. Working in the care sector, you are bound to come across people whose views you do not agree with, and who never seem to understand your point of view. Awareness of differences, your reaction to them and how they affect the way you work is a crucial part of this role and your own professional development. If you allow your own preferences to dominate your work with people, you will inevitably fail to perform to the standards of the Codes of Practice. Beliefs can cause many issues in the care sector, from obvious reasons like the individual would accept only male or female carers to religious beliefs which can be very difficult to understand but is essential to get right to provide good care. If you were careering for an individual of a different religious background their beliefs would be of upmost importance to them and so you must respect that, this could affect a career in a number of ways for example this things in which they talk about, the clothes they wear and being to open with their own religious beliefs could upset the service user. Personal experiences I think play a major role in a persons desired job role, for example a young person who spent a lot of time as a child helping out their father on a building site would more than likely find a skill he or she liked within that industry as they have been introduced to it from a young age. A personal experience story I think answers this question very well is that of my si ster who in a mad panic last year through no choice of her own had to deliver our sisters baby and save his life after he had stopped breathing. Baby and mother all doing well now my sister has just started a midwifery course as she describes the experience as overwhelming and magical, This could lead to a full time job for my sister all spurred on by a personal experience. 4.1 Identify sources of support for planning and reviewing own development. As a large percentage of my job is homecare so my first source of support would be the house manager then the parents/family of the client, and in some cases depending  on the individual’s capacity and communication maybe the client themselves. From these I can learn what has worked in the past and what methods have been tried. I can also get the back story of the client to try and think of new methods and activities in order to help the client’s progression. The client would also have a service plan in their personal file where I can find most of the information I need. If I was working in a community centre I would first read the clients file to try and gather information to fuel my development in order to provide a better service. If I felt I needed more or just further development I could also speak to my seniors within the community centre. The company also hold more detailed files and information that I can access when I need in order to plan and or review development. We regularly receive supervision meetings to discuss any matters and to plan and review development. Here I can ask to be enrolled onto training courses I think would benefit me and my clients.